What is the purpose of pre-analytical processes in laboratory medicine?

The purpose of pre-analytical processes in laboratory medicine is to ensure proper specimen collection and handling. This phase is critical because any errors or inconsistencies during specimen collection, transportation, and preparation can significantly affect the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Proper protocols must be followed for collecting and storing samples, such as using the right containers, adhering to specific timeframes for processing, and maintaining appropriate temperature conditions.

For instance, if a blood specimen is not collected in the correct tube or is mishandled during transport, it could lead to hemolysis, contamination, or degradation of the sample, which would ultimately compromise the quality of the laboratory analysis. Thus, emphasis on proper specimen management during the pre-analytical phase helps to reduce the likelihood of erroneous results that could lead to misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment decisions.

Meanwhile, the other options, such as calculating costs, providing psychological support, or interpreting test results, fall under different functions of the healthcare system, not specifically within the pre-analytical processes of laboratory medicine. There is a distinct separation of roles: pre-analytical focuses on specimen integrity, analytical processes focus on the actual testing, and post-analytical involves interpretation and reporting of results.