How does x-ray imaging differentiate between dense and less dense objects?

The correct answer is that denser objects appear brighter, while less dense objects appear darker. This phenomenon is based on the way x-rays interact with various materials.

When x-rays are passed through an object, they can be absorbed or transmitted depending on the density and composition of the material. Dense objects, such as bone, absorb more x-rays and allow fewer to reach the detector or film on the other side. As a result, these areas display as lighter or brighter regions on the x-ray image. Conversely, less dense objects, such as soft tissue or air, permit more x-rays to pass through, leading to darker areas on the image due to the greater exposure of the detector or film.

This contrast between the appearances of dense and less dense objects is what allows x-ray imaging to be effective for diagnosing various conditions, helping healthcare professionals distinguish between different types of tissues and identify potential abnormalities.